FOR PEOPLE
Kwa Watu
Bomba la Mafuta Ghafi la Afrika Mashariki litahatarisha mifumo muhimu ya ikolojia, mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na kusababisha hatari kubwa kwa mamilioni ya watu.
Takriban theluthi moja ya bomba hilo litapitia bonde la ziwa kubwa zaidi barani Afrika, Ziwa Victoria, ambalo zaidi ya watu milioni 40 wanalitegemea kwa maji na uzalishaji wa chakula. Itavuka mito mingi na itapitia maelfu ya mashamba.
Kumwagika au uvujaji mmoja tu kunaweza kuwa na athari mbaya kwa vyanzo hivi muhimu vya maji baridi na mamilioni ya watu wanaovitegemea. Uwezekano wa kumwagika au uvujaji ni mkubwa, sio tu unaotokana na uharibifu wa bahati mbaya au matengenezo duni, lakini pia kwa sababu bomba litapitia eneo amilifu la tetemeko la ardhi ambalo hupata matetemeko ya ardhi mara kwa mara.
Ikiwa hii si mbaya vya kutosha, Total na washirika wake wamechagua chaguo la gharama ya chini zaidi, kukata mitaro wazi, kwa takriban vivuko vyote vya maji—badala ya kukutana na mbinu bora za sekta.
EACOP na miradi ya uchimbaji wa mafuta itayowezesha itasababisha watu wengi kuhama kimaumbile na kiuchumi. Zaidi ya watu 100,000 kote Uganda na Tanzania watapoteza ardhi wanayoitegemea kwa kilimo na ufugaji, na wengi wataondolewa kwa nguvu kutoka kwa makazi yao.
Michakato ya utwaaji wa ardhi na makazi mapya kwa EACOP na maeneo husika ya mafuta tayari imeanza na jamii zinaripoti ukosefu wa uwazi na ucheleweshaji wa fidia, ambao umeathiri maisha, kuzidisha uhaba wa chakula na kutatiza mahudhurio shuleni. Wamiliki wa ardhi wenyeji ambao wanapinga mchakato huu wamekabiliwa na vitisho na ghiliba, na kuwalazimisha kutoa ardhi yao kwa fidia ya pesa taslimu. Athari hizi zote zina athari za kijinsia - kudhuru wanawake na wasichana katika kanda.
Mashirika ya kimataifa ya mafuta yamekuwa yakitoa kila aina ya ahadi tupu kwa watu wa Uganda na nchi jirani, lakini ukweli ni kwamba, mradi huu unahusu tu kuchimba faida ya kibinafsi iwezekanavyo.
Sio tu kwamba EACOP itahamisha jumuiya, kutishia rasilimali za maji na maisha ya mamilioni, na kuchochea mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, lakini hata haina mrundikano wa kiuchumi. Dunia nzima inaamka na ukweli kwamba tunahitaji kuacha kuchoma mafuta na, kwa sababu hiyo, bei ya mafuta itaendelea kuporomoka.
Mustakabali wa Afrika Mashariki unategemea kujenga uchumi endelevu, mseto na shirikishi - sio kwa kuruhusu mashirika makubwa ya kimataifa kunyonya rasilimali za Afrika na kuweka faida.
Photo credit (top banner): Lambert Coleman-Hans Lucas
Further reading
Kwa habari zaidi kuhusu athari za kijamii EACOP itakuwa nazo kwa watu wa Uganda, ona:
Tom Ogwang and Frank Vanclay, "Cut-off and forgotten?: Livelihood disruption, social impacts and food insecurity arising from the East African Crude Oil Pipeline," February 2021.
Oxfam International, "EMPTY PROMISES DOWN THE LINE?: A Human Rights Impact Assessment of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline," September 2020.
BankTrack et al, “Crude Risk: Risks to banks and investors from the East African Crude Oil Pipeline," November 2020.
Les Amis de la Terre and Survie, “A Nightmare Named TOTAL: An Alarming Rise in Human Rights Violations in Uganda and Tanzania," December 2020.
Oxfam International, "Gender Analysis of East African Crude Oil Pipeline ESIA," February 2020
Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment, "Advisory Review of the ESIA for the East African Crude Oil Pipeline," June 2019.
Climate Policy Initiative, "Understanding the impact of a low carbon transition on Uganda’s planned oil industry," December 2020.
#STOPEACOP
For nature
EACOP would rip through numerous nature reserves crucial to preserving threatened elephant, lion and chimpanzee species.
#STOPEACOP
For climate
EACOP would fuel climate change. To solve the climate crisis, we must stop building new fossil fuel burning projects.